New Electrically Conductive Bacteria Discovered
Scientists have recently uncovered a novel species of bacteria, Candidatus Electrothrix yaqonensis, exhibiting remarkable electrical conductivity. This discovery, made on an Oregon brackish beach, adds a fascinating chapter to the understanding of cable bacteria – rod-shaped microbes forming centimeter-long filaments by connecting end-to-end and sharing an outer membrane.
Unique Characteristics
Unlike previously known cable bacteria, Candidatus Electrothrix yaqonensis displays distinct morphological features. Its ridges, significantly thicker than those of its relatives, are arranged in a spiral pattern, creating a more angular overall shape. Most strikingly, it's encased in a thick, transparent, non-conductive sheath, a structure unseen in other cable bacteria, believed to offer environmental protection.
The bacteria's electrical conductivity stems from a nickel-centered metal complex within its ridges, acting as a "biological wire" for efficient electron transport. Experiments have demonstrated high electrical conductivity, comparable to or exceeding existing cable bacteria.
Genetic Mosaicism and Environmental Adaptation
Genomic analysis reveals a fascinating genetic mosaicism, possessing traits from both Candidatus Electrothrix and Candidatus Electronema genera. This includes a cytochrome with two hemes, unlike the typical single heme found in most Candidatus Electrothrix species. Its adaptation to brackish water environments is also unique, utilizing sodium and proton exchange transporters (NHE) instead of the sodium-transporting NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (NQR) used by saltwater-dwelling Candidatus Electrothrix species.
Potential Applications
The unique combination of high electrical conductivity and environmental adaptability makes Candidatus Electrothrix yaqonensis a promising candidate for bioelectronics applications. Its potential use in biodegradable electronics, biosensors, and environmental remediation of pollutants is currently under investigation.
Source: Wired